Are machining-induced residual stresses causing unacceptable distortion? Need to simulate the influence of cold working sequence for a given hole pattern? Residual stresses (RS) can have a significant impact on the strength, durability and damage tolerance of metallic and composite parts. In the past, reliably simulating RS effects was challenging due to extreme stress gradients, especially in lightweight components.

RS effects can be beneficial, such as life extension by cold working one or more fastener holes, or detrimental, such as distortion leading to expensive re-working or rejection of large, lightweight manufactured parts. Are you in good shape?